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Acacia

Acacia is a genus of shrubs and trees belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae, first described in Africa by the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus in 1773. The plants tend to be thorny and pod-bearing. The name derives from ακις (akis) which is Greek for a sharp point, due to the thorns in the type-species Acacia nilotica from Egypt.

Acacias are also known as thorntrees or wattles , including the yellow-fever acacia and umbrella acacias .

There are roughly 1300 species of Acacia worldwide, about 960 of them native to Australia, with the remainder spread around the tropical to warm-temperate regions of both hemispheres, including Africa, southern Asia, and the Americas.

In Indonesia (mainly in Sumatra) and in Malaysia (mainly in Sarawak) plantations of Acacia mangium are being established to supply pulpwood to the paper industry.

Phytochemistry of Acacia

Alkaloids

As mentioned previously, Acacias contain a number of organic compounds that defend them from pests and grazing animals. Many of these compounds are psychoactive in humans. The alkaloids found in Acacias include dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and N-methyltryptamine (NMT). The plant leaves, stems and/or roots are sometimes made into a brew together with some MAOI-containing plant and consumed orally for healing, ceremonial or religious uses. Egyptian mythology has associated the acacia tree with characteristics of the tree of life (cf. article on the Legend of Osiris and Isis).

Foliage

Thorns

Notes

^ http://allafrica.com/stories/200712130315.html. Accessed 9/16/2008
^ "Evolutionary change from induced to constitutive expression of an indirect plant resistance : Abstract : Nature". www.nature.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-20.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Chemistry of Acacias from South Texas
^ "Seggiano Honeys". www.seggiano.co.uk. Retrieved on 2008-05-05.
^
^ Richard Pankhurst, An Introduction to the Medical History of Ethiopia (Trenton: Red Sea Press, 1990), p. 97
^ An OCR'd version of the US Dispensatory by Remington and Wood, 1918.
^ World Wide Wattle
^ Excerpt from A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Fifth Edition (Paperback) Amazon.com
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Naturheilpraxis Fachforum (German)
^ Easton's Bible Dictionary: Bush
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Purdue University
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Google Books Select Extra-tropical Plants Readily Eligible for Industrial Culture Or Naturalization By Ferdinand von Mueller
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Plants for a Future Database
^ Aussie Fantom
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l The timber properties of Acacia species and their uses
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d FAO
^ Lycaeum
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Fitzgerald, J.S. Alkaloids of the Australian Legumuminosae -- The Occurrence of Phenylethylame Derivatives in Acacia Species, Aust. J . Chem., 1964, 17, 160-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Shaman Australis
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Duboisia hopwoodii - Pituri Bush - Solanaceae - Central America
^ ^a ^b ^c Wattle Seed Workshop Proceedings 12 March 2002, Canberra March 2003 RIRDC Publication No 03/024, RIRDC Project No WS012-06
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Glasby, John Stephen (1991). Dictionary of Plants Containing Secondary Metabolites , CRC Press. pp. 2. ISBN 0850664233 . http://books.google.com/books?id=te53VV5u8YMC&pg=RA1-PA2&ots=e5Swnj0FN9&dq=acacia+alkaloids&sig=ph1WfGlPnw5YMc3SReh2P5li2ls .
^ English Title: Nutritive value assessment of the tropical shrub legume Acacia angustissima: anti-nutritional compounds and in vitro digestibility. Personal Authors: McSweeney, C. S., Krause, D. O., Palmer, B., Gough, J., Conlan, L. L., Hegarty, M. P. Author Affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Long Pocket Laboratories, 120 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. Document Title: Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005 (Vol. 121) (No. 1/2) 175-190
^ Maya Ethnobotanicals
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Acacia (Polish)
^ Lycaeum
^ ^a ^b www.serendipity.com
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen By Robert Hegnauer
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e www.bushfood.net
^ Ask Dr. Shulgin Online: Acacias and Natural Amphetamine
^ Sacred Elixirs
^ www.abc.net.au
^ Acacia Complanata Phytochemical Studies
^ Lycaeum -- Acacias and Entheogens
^ Lycaeum
^ SBEPL
^ NMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa Malcolm S. Buchanan, Anthony R. Carroll, David Pass, Ronald J. Quinn Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry Volume 45, Issue 4 , Pages359 - 361. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
^ ^a ^{b

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Acacia is a genus of shrubs and trees belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae, first described in Africa by the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus in 1773.

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